Last, from human patients to the Drosophila Gαo[G203R]/+ model, agreeing also with mouse (9, 23) and nematode (56, 57) models of the disease, and further agreeing with some in vitro observations (23), the encephalopathy GNAO1 mutations have been described in many instances as dominant negative or antimorph in the Muller classification (64). The gene discussed is GNAO1; the disease is Encephalopathy.