TBX1 and atrial septal defect: Associations of GATA4 (8p23.1) deletion with ASD, pulmonary stenosis and ECAs; and of TBX1 and CRKL (22q11.2) deletions with TOF and ventricular septal defect in this study are in accordance with previous reports.4,10,16,18,20–25 This includes the recent genomic analysis of 98 Nigerian CHD patients, in which a 3.8 Mb deletion encompassing GATA4 and 26 other genes was described in a patient with various CHDs including pulmonary stenosis, mitral regurgitation, right ventricular hypoplasia, aortic hypoplasia, and a common atrium.11