There have been few in vitro electrophysiological studies of dystonia, however one such rat model of DYT12 dystonia found cerebellar Purkinje cells to show erratic burst firing secondary to sodium pump dysfunction.63 A single-cell RNAseq study of iPSC-derived neurons also found strong correlation between action potentials, synaptic activity, dendritic complexity and gene expression,64 suggesting that those neurons with the most mature action potential properties also have the highest expression levels of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels. The gene discussed is ATP12A; the disease is Dystonia.