IL4 and bronchiolitis: More recently, Bertrand et al. (146) reported that the cytokine (IL-3, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) and chemokine (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-β, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, and IL-8/CXCL8) levels in the BAL and nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with RSV-mediated bronchiolitis were significantly higher compared to control group, and, moreover, a direct correlation between IL-3 and IL-12p40 levels and development of wheezing later in life was also observed.