Previous research has revealed that EVs derived from dysfunctional neurons may contain the “misfolded proteins” such as α-syn oligomer in PD (Niu et al., 2020), Aβ and tau aggregates in AD (Guix et al., 2018; Sardar Sinha et al., 2018), TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP43) and mSOD1 pathology in ALS (Neumann et al., 2006; Iguchi et al., 2016; Silverman et al., 2019), and mutated huntingtin (HTT) (DiFiglia et al., 1997; Jeon et al., 2016). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.