TP53 and cancer: Because tumors harboring different gene mutations may have distinct biological behaviors, we divided our data into subgroups based on their primary gene mutations, TP53, PIK3CA, EGFR, LRP1B, and KRAS. These results demonstrated that all five genes showed increased TMB levels in the mutation group of the pan-cancer cohort (Figure 2D), while only TP53 and LRP1B showed this increase in the non-small cell lung cancer cohort (Figure 2E).