PTK2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For example, as a prognostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma, MFAP2 leads to hepatocellular carcinoma cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and also promotes hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor A (Zhang et al., 2021); MFAP2, an oncogene in gastric cancer, promotes the progression of cancer through the integrin α5β1/FAK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway (Yao et al., 2020); MFAP2 is highly expressed in melanoma and leads to melanoma invasion and migration by upregulating EMT-related proteins and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway (Chen et al., 2020).