Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that shows exosomal involvement in the process of AD by its ability to spread amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain leading to neuronal damage (Takahashi et al., 2002; Baker et al., 2016; Sardar Sinha et al., 2018; Kalluri and LeBleu, 2020; Zhang et al., 2021). Here, MAPT is linked to Alzheimer disease.