The reductions in ROS and systemic inflammation, in combination with improvements in the other cardiometabolic parameters, are also thought to mediate the substantiated but so far formally unconfirmed kidney-protective effects of GLP-1 RAs, which may also directly or indirectly carry a HF-related benefit, considering that CKD is a prominent risk factor for HF (von Scholten et al., 2022). Here, GCG is linked to hydrops fetalis.