The latest research proposed that CXCL13/CXCR5 mediated the accumulation of B cells and immunoglobulin G in the CSF of neurosyphilis patients (98); IL-17 not only mediated the inflammatory response, but also activated endothelial contraction and destroyed the tight junctions of the BBB (99); IL-8 and CCL-20 induced by TpF1 could induce vascular inflammation and angiogenesis (100). Here, IL17A is linked to neurosyphilis.