Recent studies showed a significantly elevated levels of IL-8, CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL-20) in serum, elevated levels of CXCL13, interferon(IFN)-γ in CSF, and elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 in both serum and CSF of neurosyphilis patients (49, 93–96). The gene discussed is CXCL13; the disease is neurosyphilis.