BMPR2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: However, the heterogeneity of the samples due to cardiopulmonary condition (e.g., chronic lung diseases, inflammation), obesity, sex, race, and type-2 bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2) mutations, which contribute to severity of PH phenotype (3, 118), may impact EC senescence and vascular remodeling.