The proportion of responder for immunotherapy in the high VCAN group was significantly lower than the low VCAN group (Figure 3G), and the AUC value of VCAN expression was higher than that of PD-L1, PD1 and CTLA4 expression (Figure 3H), which suggested that VCAN might predict immunotherapy efficacy in other cancers. Here, CTLA4 is linked to cancer.