Recently, it has been reported that aberrant expression or mutation of PRPS1 is closely related to a variety of cancers, such as accelerating the proliferation of colorectal cancer (12, 13), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (14), neuroblastoma (15) and childhood neuroblastoma (16), glioblastoma multiforme (17), promoting tumor invasion and metastasis (12, 15), changing colorectal cancer (3, 13), brain tumor initiating cells (18) and purine metabolism, and enhancing the drug sensitivity of lymphoblastic leukemia (4, 19–21) and breast cancer (22). The gene discussed is PRPS1; the disease is neoplasm.