CCL2 and breast carcinoma: In addition, studies have also shown that inhibiting the expression of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) promotes the upregulation of chemokines such as CCL2, IL-8, and CCL-2, in breast cancer (84), thereby establishing and validating a molecular mechanism for APOBEC3B as an immunomodulatory factor to regulate chemokine expression (81).