CCL2 and liver cancer: discovered and identified that nonclassical NF-κB signaling pathways stimulate the APOBEC3B-binding promoter through the RelB/p52 complex to increase the transcriptional expression of APOBEC3B, while an increase in the expression of APOBEC3B significantly increases the CCL2 chemokine, thus recruiting MDSCs and TAMs to contribute to the development of liver cancer (81).