TP53 and lung cancer: Finally, the GSEA analysis revealed that in lung cancer tissue, complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, hematopoietic cell lineage, leukocyte transendothelial migration, lysosome, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity were highly active (Fig. 3d), whereas base excision repair, cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair, p53 signaling pathway, and pyrimidine metabolism were highly active in normal nasopharyngeal tissue (Fig. 3e).