Numerous reports have emerged demonstrating bothan in vitro and an in vivo response to PD-L1-decorated EVs including systematicsuppression of antitumor immunity, increased tumor growth, conversion fromPD-L1-negative to PD-L1-positive status, inhibition of cell killing and cellsignaling in T cells, suppressed T cell proliferation, and reduced T helper 1cell cytokine secretion (102-105). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.