M1 ΜΦs are activated by viral and bacterial infection (Benoit et al., 2008; Ferrer et al., 2019; Malmgaard et al., 2004), interferon-γ, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is known as the classical activation pathway (Li and Liu, 2018). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.