MMP9 and gastric cancer: TNF, IL1B, and MMP9, the targets of volatile compounds in R. rubescens, are critical factors in MAPK and NF-κB signaling and in the EGFR/p38 signaling pathway [31-33]; therefore, we speculate that volatile components of R. rubescens may be useful for the treatment and prevention of gastric cancer through targeting TNF, IL1B and MMP9.