TNF, IL1B, and MMP9, the targets of volatile compounds in R. rubescens, are critical factors in MAPK and NF-κB signaling and in the EGFR/p38 signaling pathway [31-33]; therefore, we speculate that volatile components of R. rubescens may be useful for the treatment and prevention of gastric cancer through targeting TNF, IL1B and MMP9. Here, IL1B is linked to gastric cancer.