After injection of the AAV-Plat-GFP in the somatosensory cortex, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the GFP reporter was only detected in NeuN-positive neuronal cells but neither in GFAP-positive astrocytes nor in Iba-1-positive microglia (Fig. 1A; these three cell types are potential targets of AAV9-driven infection [50, 56]). Here, AIF1 is linked to infection.