During recent years, new immune-modulatory agents have been introduced for HCC treatment, eventually leading to the clinical breakthrough of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) [28]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.