Notably, inhibition of IKKβ, mitochondrial protein synthesis, TFAM or NRF2 decreased the growth of tumours that were co-transplanted with wild-type fibroblasts or grown in Col IWT pancreata, but had no effect on tumours that were co-transplanted with R/R fibroblasts or grown in Col Ir/r pancreata (Fig. 6h and Extended Data Fig. 10c,d), illustrating different ways of targeting PDAC with fibrolytic stroma. Here, TFAM is linked to neoplasm.