In a head-to-head comparison for PD-L1 expressing advanced NSCLC, monotherapy with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab showed significantly better OS and lower incidence of adverse events than chemotherapy.386,387 The PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab also resulted in significantly longer OS than platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients with high PD-L1 expression.27,388. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.