NFE2L2 and cancer: This is supported by the fact that NRF2-null mice exhibit an increased level of lung metastasis compared with wild-type mice after cancer cell incubation,206 while activated NRF2 in tumor cells is associated with poor prognosis and more aggressive disease.199,207 This contribution of NRF2 to the malignant phenotype of tumor cells is independent of its antioxidant activities and is associated with its key role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells.