C4 CN studies in autoimmunity have been mainly focused on SLE providing no definitive results14,22,25 in part due to the complexity of the genetic variation of C4A and C4B and the high linkage disequilibrium (LD) of the MHC locus, which contains the HLA genes, the strongest genetic associations with most autoimmune diseases including SLE, RA, and SSc6,26,27. The gene discussed is HLA-C; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.