With marked patient occupancy (GBC6) (Fig. 4c; Supplementary Fig. S11a), Macro04 exhibited versatile tumor-promoting roles, including cytokine production (e.g., TNFAIP3, CXCL3), pro-angiogenesis (e.g., VEGFA), and ECM remodeling (e.g., SPP1) (Fig. 4e–g, j)28,36,37. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and neoplasm.