NFKB1 and neoplasm: In comparison to the ordinarily slowly self-renewal gallbladder stem cells (once every ~625 days)63, inflammation spawns gallbladder transit-amplifying stem cells64, possibly further reprogrammed into tumor-initiating stem cells by persistent inflammatory signals (e.g., NF-κB as a master)65, which have been pervasively identified in subtype II mEPCs.