INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The TCA and its contributions of NADH and FADH2 electron carriers to the OXPHOS have been observed to be decreased in muscle of T2D and in adipose tissue of insulin-resistant subjects.32, 33, 34 Here we observed that the entirety of TCA and OXPHOS were significantly decreased in T2D of VAT and muscle when compared with both CTRL and PD, as well as the merged group of CTRL + PD (Figures 3B, 3C, and S7B).