Notably, TFs linked to mature-onset diabetes of the young [MODY, HNF4A (MODY1), PDX1 (MODY4), and KLF11 (MODY7)] gain a significant number of target genes after 2 decades, which could explain how mutations in these genes can affect beta cell structure function to cause diabetes later in life (59–61). Here, PDX1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.