TNF and congestive heart failure: hs-CRP is an inflammatory factor sensitively reflecting the severity of the inflammatory reaction and promoting the activation of TNF-α and IL-6.[34] IL-17 is secreted by Th17 cells and has a solid pro-inflammatory effect promoting the recruitment of monocytes and macrophages.[35] In contrast to miRNA-21, all 4 inflammatory factors significantly increase in CHF patients, confirming the well-evident involvement of inflammation in CHF.