MTOR and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Inhibition of the mTOR pathway reduces SLE activity, and the efficacy and safety of mTOR inhibitors in SLE clinical trials have been initially confirmed.[9] The allosteric mTOR inhibitor everolimus, approved for the treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and renal AML in patients with TSC,[10] may be beneficial in patients diagnosed with both SLE and TSC (Fig. 4).