In this regard, the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) and neurohormonal activation have been associated with fluid overload, venous hypertension, and renal interstitial edema in humans and in canine experimental models of disease, and have been implicated in CKD progression because of ongoing renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis in humans and in animal models of CRS type II.7, 26, 27, 28. The gene discussed is REN; the disease is chronic kidney disease.