Unedited Alu RNAs can form dsRNAs recognized by dsRNA sensors, RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3 and others and stimulate IRF and NF-κB transcriptional responses.23,25,26 We identified numerous highly expressed Alu RNAs that were edited in the NCI HPC vasculature cohort but were unedited in the Alzheimer’s disease HPC vasculature cohort. Here, NFKB1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.