To examine the potential contribution of miRNA-148a to the protective effect of HHP-EXO against myocardial hypertrophy, miRNA-148a inhibitor (i) or scramble control (negative control, NC) was transfected into HHP-EXO, producing HHP-EXO-miR148i and HHP-EXO-NC respectively, and their effect was evaluated in Ang II-induced NRCMs hypertrophy in vitro. Here, AGT is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.