TNF and small cell lung carcinoma: In contrast, the SCLC-non-NE clusters with relatively low proliferation ability exhibited prominent enrichment of signatures involved in the hallmarks of TNFa signaling via NF-κB, the interferon α response and the interferon γ response, indicating a close interaction with immune components in the SCLC microenvironment (Fig. 5c and Supplementary Fig. S6c).