Higher DM duration (OR = 1.057, 95% CI 1.042–1.072; p<0.001), higher FPG (OR = 1.063, 95% CI 1.020–1.108; p = 0.004), higher HbA1c (OR = 1.269, 95% CI 1.176–1.369; p<0.001), higher BUN (OR = 1.059, 95% CI 1.010–1.111; p = 0.018), higher U-Alb (OR = 1.001, 95% CI 1.001–1.002; p<0.001) were risk factors for the occurrence and development of DR in T2DM patients. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and type 2 diabetes mellitus.