DPF3 and lung carcinoma: Fig 5 shows the prognostic value (patient survival in days) of the expression status of 6 COPD-hub genes. Out of the 12-COPD hub genes, 5 genes (SREK1, TMEM67, CDC42BPA, DPF3, and ASB4) showed an improvement in lung cancer survival duration up to 1500 days (P values for all the associations is <0.02) (Fig 5).