According to an observational cohort study, biomarkers of epithelial cell damage and acute-phase proteins (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products [sRAGE], soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 [sTNFR-1], etc.), rather than endothelial dysfunction-associated biomarkers, were linked to COVID-19 critical illness [24]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1A and endothelial dysfunction.