MMP9 and glioma: Also, it was revealed that treatment of human glioma cells with bergamottin significantly inhibited wound-healing migration and Matrigel invasion of human glioma cells, relative to untreated cells by inhibition of EMT, JNK, PI3K, Akt, NF-κB,, STAT3, Rac1, and mTOR kinases, and MMP-9 production in A549, U87, and U251 cell lines [63, 64] (Table 1).