Interestingly, PCP treatment reversed the shift by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS) and increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4 IL-10, and IL-13) compared to the control group (Fig. 3). Here, IL13 is linked to pneumocystosis.