Similar to our observations in human UC, there was significant upregulation of the neutrophil-active chemokines Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl3 and Cxcl5 across all models of colitis tested, indicating that this core chemokine module is conserved in colitis development across species (Fig. 5f). Here, CXCL3 is linked to colitis.