Upregulated genes included cartilage-associated genes (COMP, MATN3, and COL11A2), collagen- and extracellular matrix-associated genes (COL9A2, SFRP2, and SERPINE2), and tumor metastasis- and progression-associated genes (SLC38A3, FST, ITGA11, and DGKI). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE2 and neoplasm.