On the other hand, since our previous studies with a cohort of 238 PSC patients strongly suggested that IL17-dependent activation of bone resorption is the major driver of bone loss in PSC patients, which was subsequently confirmed in mouse models17, we hypothesize that increased bile acid concentrations in the PSCOPO group are not directly causative for their low BMD. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and pancreatic serous cystadenoma.