All these results supported the notion that MLN4924 induction of PD-L1 on the surface of cancer cells, on one hand, triggers T cell death, and on the other hand, inhibits the cytotoxic activity of the T cells against the cancer cells, leading to resistance of cancer cells to T cell killing, which is re-sensitized by anti-PD-L1 antibody, indicating a causal role of PD-L1. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.