There are two main mechanisms for muscle mass loss in CKD: (1) increased muscle catabolism via the activation of, among others, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, caspase-3, and lysosomes pathways; (2) impaired muscle growth, regeneration, repair, and suppression of protein synthesis with components of abnormal myogenesis [20]. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and chronic kidney disease.