Recent studies have pointed to a distinction between the mTORC1-S6K1 and the mTORC1-4EBP axes, arguing that the mTORC1-S6K1 axis regulates cell size and glucose metabolism with minor effects on translation and proliferation, while the mTORC1-4EBP axis appears to have a greater impact on translation, proliferation, and tumor formation (Dowling et al., 2010; Whittaker et al., 2010; Hsieh et al., 2010; von Manteuffel et al., 1997; Ben-Hur et al., 2013; Ruvinsky et al., 2005; Shima et al., 1998; Ruvinsky and Meyuhas, 2006; Pende et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene RPS6KB1 and neoplasm.