HMGB1 and Sepsis: Deletion of the HMGB1 gene or neutralizing circulation of HMGB1 has been shown to have a protective effect against fatal endotoxemia and sepsis (Wang et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2004; Qin et al., 2006; Rittirsch et al., 2008; Lamkanfi et al., 2010; Andersson and Tracey, 2011).