TLR4 and Hepatic fibrosis: The transfer of gut microbiota metabolites, such as LPS secondary to intestinal barrier damage, to the liver results in binding to TLR4 on hepatic blastocytes and hepatic stellate cells, activating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway, upregulating levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, interleukin IL-1β, and IL-6, stimulating extracellular matrix synthesis by hepatic stellate cells, and causing or exacerbating liver fibrosis (Seki et al., 2007; Bastian et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2019a; Giuffrè et al., 2020).