In addition, TLR4 stimulation also promotes liver fibrosis by downregulating the expression of Bambi, an endogenous decoy receptor for the TGF-β receptor, and upregulating the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway (Seki and Schnabl, 2012; Zhang et al., 2017). Here, TLR4 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.