Nevertheless, both cytokines have well-documented anti-tumorigenic properties in both humans and mice: IFN-γ through stimulation of cytotoxic activity in T cells and NK cells and TNF-α through direct induction of apoptosis in tumor cells and tumor vasculature, and indirectly through mobilization of MФs and DCs into the TME (205–208) (Figure 2C). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.