TNF and neoplasm: Conventional DCs (cDCs) have been widely studied in various immunogenic cancers, and researchers have shown that cDCs capture and transport tumor antigens to draining lymph nodes where they secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β and (cross) present antigens to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes [reviewed in (188)].