IFNG and neoplasm: Nevertheless, both cytokines have well-documented anti-tumorigenic properties in both humans and mice: IFN-γ through stimulation of cytotoxic activity in T cells and NK cells and TNF-α through direct induction of apoptosis in tumor cells and tumor vasculature, and indirectly through mobilization of MФs and DCs into the TME (205–208) (Figure 2C).