VCAM1 and neoplasm: Conversely, checkpoint immunotherapy has been associated with enhanced expression of HR ligands, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, on tumor vasculature (55, 56), and we found that anti-PD-L1 monotherapy or the combination of anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 enhanced the fraction of CD31+ TEC expressing PNAd and their surface levels of PNAd.