HMGB1 and neoplasm: Apart from tumor debulking, chemotherapeutic agents have been demonstrated to promote immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is featured by the exposure of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones; lysosomal-secreting ATP; the aberrant accumulation of nucleic acids; the release of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), annexin A1; and the release of specific damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (14).