Although the monospecific anti-DFS70 antibodies are more predominant in healthy individuals and have been proposed as a biomarker for the exclusion of SARD, the anti-DFS70 antibodies can still exist in patients with SARD, such as SLE (7, 10, 23), and their clinical significance remains to be elucidated. This evidence concerns the gene PSIP1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.