NOD2 and colitis: We have previously shown that over-expression of wild type (WT) (intact) NOD2 but not NOD2 with a CD-frameshift LRR-domain polymorphism protects mice from the development of TNBS-colitis, presumably because intact NOD2 but not NOD2 with a polymorphism that interferes with ligand recognition provides NOD2 signaling that cross-regulates (i.e., downregulates) TLR responses and thus ameliorates the colitis (20, 21).